cam, surface, debug

Still to do:
- zero driver rotx and roty when mounting.
- Fix the odd camera transition when going from rollable to non rollable (kick out of rollable camera logic earlier probably)
- position logic for freelook camera is wrong in reverse 3rd person.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -396,7 +396,6 @@
 - Fixed `/giveallpokemon` not respecting the min and max parameters
 - Fixed the choose starter toast not disappearing when capturing a Pokémon instead of opening the starter selection screen
 - Fixed an issue where certain Sinister Tea seasonings were only applying as instant effects and would not apply over time
-- Long config option labels now scroll instead of overflowing
 
 ### Developer
 - Added `PokeSnackSpawnerFactory` which allows influence registration on PokeSnack encounters

common/src/main/java/com/cobblemon/mod/common/mixin/JigsawPlacementMixin.java

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.pools.alias.PoolAliasLookup;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.LiquidSettings;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureProcessor;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureProcessorList;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.Mixin;
 import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.Unique;
 import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.At;
@@ -33,9 +31,6 @@ import java.util.Optional;
 @Mixin(JigsawPlacement.class)
 public class JigsawPlacementMixin {
 
-	@Unique
-	private static final Logger cobblemon$LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger("Cobblemon/HeightRangeVeto");
-
 	@Inject(
 			method = "addPieces(Lnet/minecraft/world/level/levelgen/structure/Structure$GenerationContext;Lnet/minecraft/core/Holder;Ljava/util/Optional;ILnet/minecraft/core/BlockPos;ZLjava/util/Optional;ILnet/minecraft/world/level/levelgen/structure/pools/alias/PoolAliasLookup;Lnet/minecraft/world/level/levelgen/structure/pools/DimensionPadding;Lnet/minecraft/world/level/levelgen/structure/templatesystem/LiquidSettings;)Ljava/util/Optional;",
 			at = @At("RETURN"),
@@ -59,30 +54,18 @@ public class JigsawPlacementMixin {
 		if (result.isEmpty()) {
 			return;
 		}
-
 		BlockPos spawnPos = result.get().position();
-		String poolId = startPool.unwrapKey().map(key -> key.location().toString()).orElse("unknown");
-		boolean canPlace = cobblemon$canStructurePlace(context, startPool, spawnPos);
-
-		cobblemon$LOGGER.info(
-				"[HeightRangeVeto] addPieces evaluated requestedPos={} spawnPos={} startPool={} -> canPlace={}",
-				pos, spawnPos, poolId, canPlace
-		);
+		boolean canPlace = cobblemon$canAnyStartElementPlace(context, startPool, spawnPos);
 
 		if (canPlace) {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		cobblemon$LOGGER.info(
-				"[HeightRangeVeto] Vetoing structure start at {} (startPool={})",
-				spawnPos, poolId
-		);
-
 		cir.setReturnValue(Optional.empty());
 	}
 
 	@Unique
-	private static boolean cobblemon$canStructurePlace(
+	private static boolean cobblemon$canAnyStartElementPlace(
 			Structure.GenerationContext generationContext,
 			Holder<StructureTemplatePool> startPool,
 			BlockPos startPos
@@ -91,7 +74,7 @@ public class JigsawPlacementMixin {
 			Optional<HeightRangeStructureProcessor> heightRangeProcessor = cobblemon$getHeightRangeProcessor(element);
 
 			if (heightRangeProcessor.isEmpty()) {
-				continue;
+				return true;
 			}
 
 			HeightRangeStructureProcessor processor = heightRangeProcessor.get();
@@ -102,17 +85,12 @@ public class JigsawPlacementMixin {
 					startPos
 			);
 
-			cobblemon$LOGGER.info(
-					"[HeightRangeVeto] template={} pos={} valid={}",
-					element, startPos, valid
-			);
-
-			if (!valid) {
-				return false;
+			if (valid) {
+				return true;
 			}
 		}
 
-		return true;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	@Unique

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/CobblemonRideSettings.kt

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.HelicopterSetting
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.HoverSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.JetSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.RocketSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.BoardSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.HorseSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.MinekartSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.VehicleSettings
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ object CobblemonRideSettings : DataRegistry {
     var hover = HoverSettings()
     var jet = JetSettings()
     var rocket = RocketSettings()
+    var board = BoardSettings()
 
     var horse = HorseSettings()
     var minekart = MinekartSettings()
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ object CobblemonRideSettings : DataRegistry {
                 hover = hover,
                 jet = jet,
                 rocket = rocket,
+                board = board,
                 horse = horse,
                 minekart = minekart,
                 vehicle = vehicle,
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ object CobblemonRideSettings : DataRegistry {
         hover = loadStyle(manager, "hover", HoverSettings::class.java)
         jet = loadStyle(manager, "jet", JetSettings::class.java)
         rocket = loadStyle(manager, "rocket", RocketSettings::class.java)
+        board = loadStyle(manager, "board", BoardSettings::class.java)
         horse = loadStyle(manager, "horse", HorseSettings::class.java)
         minekart = loadStyle(manager, "minekart", MinekartSettings::class.java)
         vehicle = loadStyle(manager, "vehicle", VehicleSettings::class.java)

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/behaviour/RidingBehaviours.kt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour
 
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.*
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.composite.CompositeBehaviour
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.ClimbBehaviour
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.HorseBehaviour
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.VehicleBehaviour
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.MinekartBehaviour
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@ object RidingBehaviours {
         register(MinekartBehaviour.KEY, MinekartBehaviour())
         register(HoverBehaviour.KEY, HoverBehaviour())
         register(RocketBehaviour.KEY, RocketBehaviour())
+        register(BoardBehaviour.KEY, BoardBehaviour())
         register(SubmarineBehaviour.KEY, SubmarineBehaviour())
+        register(ClimbBehaviour.KEY, ClimbBehaviour())
         register(CompositeBehaviour.KEY, CompositeBehaviour())
     }
 

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/behaviour/types/air/BoardBehaviour.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Cobblemon Contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air
+
+import com.bedrockk.molang.Expression
+import com.bedrockk.molang.runtime.value.DoubleValue
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.CobblemonRideSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.OrientationControllable
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.molang.ObjectValue
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.orientation.OrientationController
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.RidingStyle
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.RidingBehaviour
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.RidingBehaviourSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.RidingBehaviourState
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.Side
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.ridingState
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseOption
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseProvider
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.sound.RideSoundSettingsList
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.stats.RidingStat
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldLayer
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldTuning
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.PrimitiveShape
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.collectPrimitivesFromBlocks
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.estimateGradient
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.sampleField
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.visualizeDistanceField
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.PoseType
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.pokemon.PokemonEntity
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.blockPositionsAsListRounded
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.cobblemonResource
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.readNullableExpression
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.readRidingStats
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.resolveBoolean
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.resolveDouble
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.resolveFloat
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.writeNullableExpression
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.writeRidingStats
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.max
+import kotlin.math.min
+import kotlin.math.pow
+import kotlin.math.sign
+import kotlin.math.sqrt
+import net.minecraft.core.Direction
+import net.minecraft.core.particles.ParticleTypes
+import net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf
+import net.minecraft.network.RegistryFriendlyByteBuf
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth
+import net.minecraft.util.SmoothDouble
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.LivingEntity
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.ai.attributes.Attributes
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.player.Player
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec2
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.shapes.Shapes
+import org.joml.Matrix3f
+import org.joml.Quaternionf
+import org.joml.Vector3f
+
+class BoardBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<BoardSettings, BoardState> {
+    companion object {
+        val KEY = cobblemonResource("air/board")
+    }
+
+    override val key = KEY
+    val globalBoard: BoardSettings
+        get() = CobblemonRideSettings.board
+
+    override fun getRidingStyle(settings: BoardSettings, state: BoardState): RidingStyle {
+        return RidingStyle.LAND
+    }
+
+    val poseProvider = PoseProvider<BoardSettings, BoardState>(PoseType.HOVER)
+        .with(PoseOption(PoseType.FLY) { _, state, vehicle ->
+            return@PoseOption state.walking.get()
+        })
+
+    override fun isActive(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return Shapes.create(vehicle.boundingBox).blockPositionsAsListRounded().any {
+            // Need to check other fluids
+            if (vehicle.isInWater || vehicle.isUnderWater) {
+                return@any false
+            }
+            // This might not actually work, depending on what the yPos actually is. yPos of the middle of the entity? the feet?
+            if (it.y.toDouble() == (vehicle.position().y)) {
+                val blockState = vehicle.level().getBlockState(it.below())
+                return@any !blockState.isAir && blockState.fluidState.isEmpty
+            }
+            true
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun pose(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): PoseType {
+        return this.poseProvider.select(settings, state, vehicle)
+    }
+
+    override fun speed(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return state.rideVelocity.get().length().toFloat()
+    }
+
+    override fun tick(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        input: Vec3
+    ) {
+        if (vehicle.level().isClientSide) {
+            handleSprinting(state, driver)
+            inAirCheck(state, vehicle)
+            tickStamina(settings, state, vehicle)
+            state.walking.set(state.rideVelocity.get().horizontalDistance() > 0.1 || driver.zza != 0.0f)
+            //surfDistCheck(state, vehicle)
+        }
+
+        //TODO: should be a config somewhere
+        val debugVisualizeField = true;
+
+        if (false && debugVisualizeField && !vehicle.level().isClientSide && vehicle.tickCount % 5 == 0) {
+            visualizeDistanceField(
+                referenceEntity = vehicle,
+                center = vehicle.position().add(0.0, (vehicle.bbHeight * 0.5f).toDouble(), 0.0),
+                layers = listOf(
+                    DistanceFieldLayer(isoValue = 2.5f, color = Vector3f(1f, 0.2f, 0.2f))
+                ),
+                shape = PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID,
+                horizontalRadius = 4.0,
+                verticalRange = 4.0,
+                sampleSpacing = 0.3,
+                marchStep = 0.15,
+                tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.25f)
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check how far the vehicle is from the "surface"
+     */
+    fun surfDistCheck(
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        val center = vehicle.position()
+        val horizontalRadius = 4.0;
+        val verticalRange = 4.0;
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+
+        //if (level !is ServerLevel) return
+
+        // Take a cubic area around the vehicle and gather SDF primitives from it.
+        val searchBox = AABB(
+            center.x - horizontalRadius, center.y - verticalRange, center.z - horizontalRadius,
+            center.x + horizontalRadius, center.y + verticalRange, center.z + horizontalRadius
+        )
+        val primitives = collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(level,
+            searchBox,
+            PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID,
+            includeFluids = true
+        )
+        val sp = center.toVector3f() // Sample Point
+        val tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.25f)
+        val sd = sampleField(primitives, sp.x, sp.y, sp.z, tuning)
+        state.surfDist.set(sd)
+    }
+
+    fun inAirCheck(
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        // Check both vertical movement and if there are blocks below.
+        val posBelow = vehicle.blockPosition().below()
+        val blockStateBelow = vehicle.level().getBlockState(posBelow)
+        val isAirOrLiquid = blockStateBelow.isAir || !blockStateBelow.fluidState.isEmpty
+
+        val canSupportEntity = blockStateBelow.isFaceSturdy(vehicle.level(), posBelow, Direction.UP)
+        val standingOnSolid = canSupportEntity && !isAirOrLiquid
+
+        // inAir if not on the ground
+        val inAir = !(vehicle.deltaMovement.y == 0.0 || standingOnSolid)
+        state.inAir.set(true)
+    }
+
+    fun handleSprinting(
+        state: BoardState,
+        driver: Player
+    ) {
+        val sprintTimerTickLength = 7 // Emulate vanillas tick timer length
+        var hasDoubleTapped = false
+
+        // If you are not sprinting and you just pressed down and theres no
+        if (!state.forwardHeldLastTick.get() && Minecraft.getInstance().options.keyUp.isDown() && !state.sprinting.get() && state.sprintTickTimer.get() == 0) {
+            state.sprintTickTimer.set(sprintTimerTickLength)
+        } else if (!state.forwardHeldLastTick.get() && Minecraft.getInstance().options.keyUp.isDown() && state.sprintTickTimer.get() != 0) { // If has double tapped
+            hasDoubleTapped = true
+        }else if(!state.sprinting.get() && state.sprintTickTimer.get() > 0) {
+            state.sprintTickTimer.set(state.sprintTickTimer.get() - 1)
+        } else {
+            state.sprintTickTimer.set(0)
+        }
+
+        val tryingToSprint = (Minecraft.getInstance().options.keySprint.isDown() && Minecraft.getInstance().options.keyUp.isDown()) || hasDoubleTapped
+
+        if (state.stamina.get() <= 0.0f || !Minecraft.getInstance().options.keyUp.isDown()) {
+            // If stamina runs out or the player is not holding forward then stop sprinting
+            state.sprinting.set(false)
+            if (state.stamina.get() <= 0.0f) {
+                state.sprintToggleable.set(false)
+            }
+        } else if (!state.sprinting.get() && !state.sprintToggleable.get() && state.stamina.get() > 0.33f) {
+            // If you are not sprinting and sprint is not toggleable and you're not trying to sprint and stamina is above 0.3 then enable the toggle
+            state.sprintToggleable.set(true)
+        } else if (tryingToSprint && state.sprintToggleable.get()) {
+            // If you are trying to sprint and the toggle allows it then start sprinting and disable toggle
+            state.sprinting.set(true)
+        }
+
+        // Take not of whether forward was held last tick
+        state.forwardHeldLastTick.set(Minecraft.getInstance().options.keyUp.isDown())
+    }
+
+    fun tickStamina(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        val stam = state.stamina.get()
+
+        if (vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.infiniteStamina ?: globalBoard.infiniteStamina!!)) {
+            return
+        }
+
+
+        val stamDrainRate = (1.0f / vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.staminaExpr ?: globalBoard.staminaExpr!!)).toFloat() / 20.0f
+
+        val newStam = if (state.sprinting.get()) {
+            max(0.0f,stam - stamDrainRate)
+        } else {
+            min(1.0f,stam + stamDrainRate * 4)
+        }
+
+        state.stamina.set(newStam.coerceIn(0F, 1F))
+    }
+
+    override fun updatePassengerRotation(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ) { return }
+
+    override fun clampPassengerRotation(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ) { }
+
+
+    override fun rotation(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ): Vec2 {
+        val turnAmount =  calcRotAmount(settings, state, vehicle, driver)
+        return Vec2(vehicle.xRot, vehicle.yRot + turnAmount )
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+   *  Calculates the rotation amount given the difference between
+   *  the current player y rot and entity y rot. This gives the
+   *  affect of influencing a rides rotation through the mouse
+   *  without it being instant.
+   */
+    fun calcRotAmount(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ): Float {
+        val topSpeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.speedExpr ?: globalBoard.speedExpr!!)
+        val handling = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.handlingExpr ?: globalBoard.handlingExpr!!)
+        val walkHandlingBoost = 5
+        val maxYawDiff = vehicle.runtime.resolveFloat(settings.lookYawLimit ?: globalBoard.lookYawLimit!!)
+
+        // Normalize the current rotation diff
+        val rotDiff = Mth.wrapDegrees(driver.yRot - vehicle.yRot).coerceIn(-maxYawDiff,maxYawDiff)
+        val rotDiffNorm = rotDiff / maxYawDiff//(rotDiff / maxYawDiff).coerceIn(-0.2f, 0.2f)
+
+        // Take the square root so that the ride levels out quicker when at lower differences between entity
+        // y and driver y
+        // This influences the speed of the turn based on how far in one direction you're looking
+        val minRotMod = 0.4f // Min speed that the rotation modulation converges towards
+        val rotDiffMod = ((sqrt(abs(rotDiffNorm)) * (1.0f - minRotMod)) + minRotMod) * rotDiffNorm.sign
+
+        // Turn rate should be quick when walking and slower when sprinting.
+        // Smoothly move between these based on speed
+        val walkSpeed = getWalkSpeed(vehicle)
+        val w = max(walkSpeed, vehicle.deltaMovement.horizontalDistance())
+        val invRelSpeed = (RidingBehaviour.scaleToRange(w, walkSpeed, topSpeed ) - 1.0f) * -1.0f
+        val turnRate = ((handling.toFloat() / 20.0f) * max(walkHandlingBoost * sqrt(abs(invRelSpeed)), 1.0)).toFloat()
+
+        // Ensure you only ever rotate as much difference as there is between the angles.
+        val turnSpeed = turnRate * rotDiffMod
+        val rotAmount = turnSpeed.coerceIn(-abs(rotDiff), abs(rotDiff))
+
+        return rotAmount
+    }
+
+    private fun spawnGradientDebugParticles(vehicle: PokemonEntity, normal: Vec3) {
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+        val headPos = vehicle.position().add(0.0, vehicle.bbHeight.toDouble(), 0.0)
+
+        val steps = 20
+        val length = 2.0
+        for (i in 0..steps) {
+            val t = i.toDouble() / steps
+            val point = headPos.add(normal.scale(length * t))
+            level.addParticle(ParticleTypes.END_ROD, point.x, point.y, point.z, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    override fun velocity(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        input: Vec3
+    ): Vec3 {
+            state.rideVelocity.set(calculateRideSpaceVel(settings, state, vehicle, driver))
+            return state.rideVelocity.get()
+    }
+
+    private fun calculateRideSpaceVel(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Vec3 {
+        val canSprint = vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.canSprint ?: globalBoard.canSprint!!)
+        val canJump = vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.canJump ?: globalBoard.canJump!!)
+        val jumpForce = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.jumpExpr ?: globalBoard.jumpExpr!!) * 0.75
+        val rideTopSpeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.speedExpr ?: globalBoard.speedExpr!!)
+        val walkSpeed = getWalkSpeed(vehicle)
+        val topSpeed = if(canSprint && state.sprinting.get()) rideTopSpeed else walkSpeed
+        val accelTime = if(state.sprinting.get()) (vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.accelerationExpr ?: globalBoard.accelerationExpr!!) * 20.0) else 0.5 * 20.0
+        val accel = topSpeed / accelTime
+        var activeInput = false
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gather the previous velocity and check for horizontal
+         * collisions
+         *****************************************************/
+        var newVelocity = state.rideVelocity.get() //.normalize().scale(vehicle.deltaMovement.horizontalDistance())
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gather the previous velocity and check for horizontal
+         * collisions
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (vehicle.horizontalCollision) {
+            var horizontalVec = Vec3(newVelocity.x, 0.0, newVelocity.z)
+            horizontalVec = horizontalVec.normalize().scale(min(horizontalVec.length(), 0.3))
+            newVelocity = Vec3(horizontalVec.x, newVelocity.y, horizontalVec.z)
+        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Speed up and slow down based on input
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (driver.zza != 0.0f) {
+
+            // If on a tight turn then do not speed up past half of top speed in order to turn quicker
+            // Also determine how fast to be slowing down based on how far turned you are
+            val lookYawLimit = vehicle.runtime.resolveFloat(settings.lookYawLimit ?: globalBoard.lookYawLimit!!)
+            val percOfMaxTurnSpeed = abs(Mth.wrapDegrees(driver.yRot - vehicle.yRot) / lookYawLimit) * 100.0f
+            val turnPercThresh = 0.0f
+            val s = min(((percOfMaxTurnSpeed - turnPercThresh) / (100.0f - turnPercThresh)).pow(1),1.0f)
+            val effectiveTopSpeed = if (percOfMaxTurnSpeed > turnPercThresh) topSpeed / max(2.0f*s,1.0f) else topSpeed
+            val turningSlowDown = s * 0.1
+
+            //make sure it can't exceed top speed
+            val forwardInput = when {
+                driver.zza > 0 && newVelocity.z > effectiveTopSpeed -> 0.0
+                driver.zza < 0 && newVelocity.z < (-effectiveTopSpeed / 3.0) -> 0.0
+                else -> driver.zza.sign
+            }
+
+            // Add extra friction if trying to slow down to turn faster
+            if (newVelocity.z > effectiveTopSpeed) {
+                newVelocity = newVelocity.subtract(0.0, 0.0, min(turningSlowDown * newVelocity.z.sign, newVelocity.z))
+            }
+
+            newVelocity = Vec3(
+                newVelocity.x,
+                newVelocity.y,
+                (newVelocity.z + (accel * forwardInput.toDouble())))
+
+            activeInput = true
+        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gravity logic
+         *****************************************************/
+//         if(state.surfDist.get() > 1.6f) {
+//            val gravity = (9.8 / ( 20.0)) * 0.2 * 0.6
+//            val terminalVel = 2.0
+//            newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, max(newVelocity.y - gravity, -terminalVel), newVelocity.z)
+//        } else if(state.surfDist.get() > 1.4f && state.surfDist.get() <= 1.6f) {
+//             newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, 0.0, newVelocity.z)
+//        } else if(state.surfDist.get() <= 1.4f) {
+//             val gravity = -(9.8 / ( 20.0)) * 0.2 * 0.6
+//             val terminalVel = -2.0
+//             newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, min(newVelocity.y - gravity, -terminalVel), newVelocity.z)
+//        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Hover logic - non-predictive: correct against current position
+         *****************************************************/
+        val correctionGain = 0.5
+        val maxCorrectionSpeed = 0.3
+        val center = vehicle.position()
+        val horizontalRadius = 4.0;
+        val verticalRange = 4.0;
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+
+        // Take a cubic area around the vehicle and gather SDF primitives from it.
+        val searchBox = AABB(
+            center.x - horizontalRadius, center.y - verticalRange, center.z - horizontalRadius,
+            center.x + horizontalRadius, center.y + vehicle.bbHeight, center.z + horizontalRadius
+        )
+        val primitives = collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(level,
+            searchBox,
+            PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID,
+            includeFluids = true
+        )
+        val tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.25f)
+
+        val currentPos = vehicle.position()
+        val currentDist = sampleField(primitives, currentPos.x.toFloat(), currentPos.y.toFloat(), currentPos.z.toFloat(), tuning)
+        val normal = estimateGradient(primitives, currentPos, tuning)
+        state.surfaceNormal.set(normal)
+        //spawnGradientDebugParticles(vehicle, normal) // LETS SEE IT!
+
+        // Only correct when under the hover surface.
+        // Otherwise allow gravity to do its thing
+//        if (currentDist < targetHoverDist) {
+//            val error = currentDist - targetHoverDist
+//            val normalSpeed = newVelocity.dot(normal)
+//            val tangentialVelocity = newVelocity.subtract(normal.scale(normalSpeed))
+//
+//            val correctionSpeed = (-error * correctionGain).coerceIn(-maxCorrectionSpeed, maxCorrectionSpeed)
+//            newVelocity = tangentialVelocity.add(normal.scale(correctionSpeed))
+//        } else {
+//            val hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor = 0.5
+//            val gravity = (9.8 / ( 20.0)) * 0.2 * 0.6 * hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor
+//            val terminalVel = 2.0 * hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor
+//            newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, max(newVelocity.y - gravity, -terminalVel), newVelocity.z)
+//        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Hover logic
+         *****************************************************/
+        val hoverActivationDist = 3.0f
+        val targetHoverDist = 1.0f
+        val hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor = 0.70
+        val gravity = (9.8 / 20.0) * 0.2 * 0.6 * hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor
+        val terminalVel = 2.0 * hoverCoolnessLowGravFactor
+//        val repelStrength = 0.05 // tested and was alright
+//        val hoverDamping = 0.15
+        val repelStrength = 0.1
+        val hoverDamping = 0.2
+
+        val surfDist = currentDist
+
+        if (surfDist > hoverActivationDist) {
+            // Free fall - no surface influence yet, same as before.
+            newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, max(newVelocity.y - gravity, -terminalVel), newVelocity.z)
+        } else {
+            // Getting close - push back toward targetHoverDist, harder the nearer we are.
+            val closeness = ((hoverActivationDist - surfDist) / (hoverActivationDist - targetHoverDist)).coerceIn(0f, 1.5f)
+            val repelForce = closeness * repelStrength
+            val dampingForce = -newVelocity.y * hoverDamping // resists overshoot/bounce
+
+            newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, newVelocity.y + repelForce + dampingForce - gravity * 0.3, newVelocity.z)
+        }
+
+
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Ground Friction
+//         *****************************************************/
+//        if( (newVelocity.horizontalDistance() > 0 && vehicle.onGround() && !activeInput) || newVelocity.horizontalDistance() > topSpeed) {
+//            newVelocity = newVelocity.subtract(0.0, 0.0, min(0.03 * newVelocity.z.sign, newVelocity.z))
+//        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Jump Logic
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (state.jumpTicks.get() > 0 || (state.jumpTicks.get() >= 0 && driver.jumping && vehicle.onGround() && canJump && driver.deltaMovement.y <= 0.1)) {
+            // Spread out jumpforce so that variable height jumps are possible
+            val jumpInputTicks = 6
+            if (driver.jumping && (state.jumpTicks.get() >= 0 && state.jumpTicks.get() < jumpInputTicks)) {
+                val appliedJumpForce = ((jumpForce*1.5) / jumpInputTicks) //* (1 - state.jumpTicks.get() / jumpInputTicks)
+                newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, newVelocity.y + appliedJumpForce, newVelocity.z)
+                state.jumpTicks.set(state.jumpTicks.get() + 1)
+            } else {
+                // Set delay before next jump is possible after hitting ground
+                val tickJumpDelay = 3
+                state.jumpTicks.set(-tickJumpDelay)
+            }
+        } else if (vehicle.onGround() && state.jumpTicks.get() < 0) {
+            // Tick off the delay once reaching the ground
+            state.jumpTicks.set(state.jumpTicks.get() + 1)
+        }
+
+        // Zero out lateral velocity possibly picked up from a controller transition
+        newVelocity = Vec3(0.0, newVelocity.y, newVelocity.z)
+
+
+        return newVelocity
+    }
+
+    private fun getWalkSpeed( vehicle: PokemonEntity ): Double {
+        val walkspeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(vehicle.behaviour.moving.walk.walkSpeed)
+        val movementSpeed = vehicle.attributes.getValue(Attributes.MOVEMENT_SPEED)
+        val speedModifier = 1.2 * 0.35
+        return walkspeed * movementSpeed * speedModifier
+
+    }
+
+    override fun angRollVel(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        deltaTime: Double
+    ): Vec3 {
+        if (vehicle !is OrientationControllable) return Vec3.ZERO
+        val controller = (vehicle as OrientationControllable).orientationController
+
+        // turning
+        val turnMaxRate = 5.5
+        val turnAccel = 1.0
+        val turnFriction = 0.75
+
+        val targetYawRate = -driver.xxa.toDouble() * turnMaxRate
+        val currentYawRate = state.yawAngularVelocity.get()
+        val newYawRate = if (abs(targetYawRate) > 0.001) {
+            moveToward(currentYawRate, targetYawRate, turnAccel * deltaTime * 20.0)
+        } else {
+            moveToward(currentYawRate, 0.0, turnFriction * deltaTime * 20.0)
+        }
+        state.yawAngularVelocity.set(newYawRate)
+        controller.applyGlobalYaw((newYawRate * deltaTime * 20.0).toFloat())
+
+        // up-vector alignment framerate-independent
+        val upAlignmentRatePerTick = 0.1 // fraction of the remaining gap closed per tick
+        val frameBlend = 1.0 - (1.0 - upAlignmentRatePerTick).pow(deltaTime * 20.0)
+        alignUpToSurfaceNormal(controller, state.surfaceNormal.get(), frameBlend.toFloat())
+
+        // lean into turns (cosmetic local roll)
+        val maxLeanDeg = 35.0
+        val leanPerYawRate = 4.0 * 3.0
+        val leanRatePerTick = 0.25 * 1.5
+
+        val desiredLean = (newYawRate * leanPerYawRate).coerceIn(-maxLeanDeg, maxLeanDeg)
+        val leanFrameBlend = 1.0 - (1.0 - leanRatePerTick).pow(deltaTime * 20.0)
+        val leanError = controller.roll.angleDifference(desiredLean.toFloat())
+        controller.rotateRoll((leanError * leanFrameBlend).toFloat())
+
+        //yaw, pitch, roll
+        return Vec3.ZERO
+    }
+
+    private fun moveToward(current: Double, target: Double, maxDelta: Double): Double {
+        val diff = target - current
+        return if (abs(diff) <= maxDelta) target else current + maxDelta * diff.sign
+    }
+
+    private fun alignUpToSurfaceNormal(controller: OrientationController, targetUp: Vec3, alignmentBlend: Float) {
+        if (targetUp.lengthSqr() < 1e-6) return
+        val targetUpVec = Vector3f(targetUp.x.toFloat(), targetUp.y.toFloat(), targetUp.z.toFloat()).normalize()
+
+        controller.updateOrientation { current ->
+            val currentUp = current.transform(Vector3f(OrientationController.UP), Vector3f())
+            if (currentUp.lengthSquared() < 1e-6f) return@updateOrientation current
+
+            // Full rotation that would exactly align currentUp to targetUp...
+            val fullCorrection = Quaternionf().rotationTo(currentUp, targetUpVec)
+            // ...but only take a partial step toward it, so alignment is smooth, not instant.
+            val steppedCorrection = Quaternionf().slerp(fullCorrection, alignmentBlend)
+
+            // Pre-multiply (world-space correction), same pattern applyGlobalYaw uses.
+            Matrix3f().set(steppedCorrection).mul(current, Matrix3f())
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun rotationOnMouseXY(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        mouseY: Double,
+        mouseX: Double,
+        mouseYSmoother: SmoothDouble,
+        mouseXSmoother: SmoothDouble,
+        sensitivity: Double,
+        deltaTime: Double
+    ): Vec3 {
+        //Smooth out mouse input.
+        val smoothingSpeed = 4
+        val xInput = mouseXSmoother.getNewDeltaValue(mouseX * 0.1, deltaTime * smoothingSpeed);
+        val yInput = mouseYSmoother.getNewDeltaValue(mouseY * 0.1, deltaTime * smoothingSpeed);
+
+        //yaw, pitch, roll
+        return Vec3(0.0, yInput, xInput)
+    }
+
+    override fun canJump(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun setRideBar(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return (state.stamina.get() / 1.0f)
+    }
+
+    override fun jumpForce(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        jumpStrength: Int
+    ): Vec3 {
+        return Vec3.ZERO
+    }
+
+    override fun gravity(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        regularGravity: Double
+    ): Double {
+        return 0.0
+    }
+
+    override fun rideFovMultiplier(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return if (state.sprinting.get()) 1.15f else 1.0f
+    }
+
+    override fun useAngVelSmoothing(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun inertia(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Double {
+            return 1.0
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRoll(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun turnOffOnGround(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun dismountOnShift(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRotatePokemonHead(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRotateRiderHead(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun maxUpStep(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Float? {
+        return if (state.inAir.get()) 0.0f else 1.2f
+    }
+
+    override fun getRideSounds(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): RideSoundSettingsList {
+        return settings.rideSounds
+    }
+
+    override fun createDefaultState(settings: BoardSettings) = BoardState()
+
+    override fun asMoLangValue(
+        settings: BoardSettings,
+        state: BoardState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): ObjectValue<RidingBehaviour<BoardSettings, BoardState>> {
+        val canJump = vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.canJump ?: globalBoard.canJump!!)
+        val value = super.asMoLangValue(settings, state, vehicle)
+        value.functions.put("sprinting") { DoubleValue(state.sprinting.get()) }
+        value.functions.put("walking") { DoubleValue(state.walking.get()) }
+        value.functions.put("in_air") { DoubleValue(state.inAir.get() || (state.rideVelocity.get().y >= 0.0 && (vehicle.controllingPassenger as? Player)?.jumping == true && canJump) || (state.rideVelocity.get().y > 0.0)) }
+        return value
+    }
+}
+
+class BoardSettings : RidingBehaviourSettings {
+    override val key = BoardBehaviour.KEY
+    override val stats = mutableMapOf<RidingStat, IntRange>()
+
+    var infiniteStamina: Expression? = null
+        private set
+    var canJump: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    var canSprint: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    var lookYawLimit: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    var speedExpr: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    // Max accel is a whole 1.0 in 1 second. The conversion in the function below is to convert seconds to ticks
+    var accelerationExpr: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    // Between 30 seconds and 10 seconds at the lowest when at full speed.
+    var staminaExpr: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    //Between a one block jump and a six block jump
+    var jumpExpr: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    var handlingExpr: Expression? = null
+        private set
+
+    var rideSounds: RideSoundSettingsList = RideSoundSettingsList()
+
+    override fun encode(buffer: RegistryFriendlyByteBuf) {
+        buffer.writeRidingStats(stats)
+        rideSounds.encode(buffer)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(infiniteStamina)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(canJump)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(canSprint)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(lookYawLimit)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(speedExpr)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(accelerationExpr)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(staminaExpr)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(jumpExpr)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(handlingExpr)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(canJump)
+        buffer.writeNullableExpression(canSprint)
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: RegistryFriendlyByteBuf) {
+        stats.putAll(buffer.readRidingStats())
+
+
+        rideSounds = RideSoundSettingsList.decode(buffer)
+        infiniteStamina = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        canJump = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        canSprint = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        lookYawLimit = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        speedExpr = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        accelerationExpr = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        staminaExpr = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        jumpExpr = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        handlingExpr = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        canJump = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+        canSprint = buffer.readNullableExpression()
+    }
+}
+
+class BoardState : RidingBehaviourState() {
+    var sprinting = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var walking = ridingState(false, Side.BOTH)
+    var sprintToggleable = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var inAir = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var jumpTicks = ridingState(0, Side.CLIENT)
+    var sprintTickTimer = ridingState(0, Side.CLIENT)
+    var forwardHeldLastTick = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var surfDist = ridingState(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Side.BOTH)
+    var surfaceNormal = ridingState(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), Side.CLIENT)
+    var yawAngularVelocity = ridingState(0.0, Side.CLIENT)
+
+    override fun encode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
+        super.encode(buffer)
+        buffer.writeBoolean(sprinting.get())
+        buffer.writeBoolean(walking.get())
+        buffer.writeBoolean(sprintToggleable.get())
+        buffer.writeBoolean(inAir.get())
+        buffer.writeInt(jumpTicks.get())
+        buffer.writeInt(sprintTickTimer.get())
+        buffer.writeBoolean(forwardHeldLastTick.get())
+        buffer.writeFloat(surfDist.get())
+        buffer.writeVec3(surfaceNormal.get())
+        buffer.writeDouble(yawAngularVelocity.get())
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
+        super.decode(buffer)
+        sprinting.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        walking.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        sprintToggleable.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        inAir.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        jumpTicks.set(buffer.readInt(), forced = true)
+        sprintTickTimer.set(buffer.readInt(), forced = true)
+        forwardHeldLastTick.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        surfDist.set(buffer.readFloat(), forced = true)
+        surfaceNormal.set(buffer.readVec3(), forced = true)
+        yawAngularVelocity.set(buffer.readDouble(), forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun reset() {
+        super.reset()
+        sprinting.set(false, forced = true)
+        walking.set(false, forced = true)
+        sprintToggleable.set(false, forced = true)
+        inAir.set(false, forced = true)
+        jumpTicks.set(0, forced = true)
+        sprintTickTimer.set(0, forced = true)
+        forwardHeldLastTick.set(false, forced = true)
+        surfDist.set(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, forced = true)
+        surfaceNormal.set(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), forced = true)
+        yawAngularVelocity.set(0.0, forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun copy() = BoardState().also {
+        it.rideVelocity.set(this.rideVelocity.get(), forced = true)
+        it.stamina.set(this.stamina.get(), forced = true)
+        it.sprinting.set(this.sprinting.get(), forced = true)
+        it.walking.set(this.sprinting.get(), forced = true)
+        it.sprintToggleable.set(this.sprintToggleable.get(), forced = true)
+        it.inAir.set(this.inAir.get(), forced = true)
+        it.jumpTicks.set(this.jumpTicks.get(), forced = true)
+        it.sprintTickTimer.set(this.sprintTickTimer.get(), forced = true)
+        it.forwardHeldLastTick.set(this.forwardHeldLastTick.get(), forced = true)
+        it.surfDist.set(this.surfDist.get(), forced = true)
+        it.surfaceNormal.set(this.surfaceNormal.get(), forced = true)
+        it.yawAngularVelocity.set(this.yawAngularVelocity.get(), forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldSync(previous: RidingBehaviourState): Boolean {
+        if (previous !is BoardState) return false
+        if (previous.sprinting.get() != sprinting.get()) return true
+        if (previous.walking.get() != walking.get()) return true
+        if (previous.sprintToggleable.get() != sprintToggleable.get()) return true
+        if (previous.inAir.get() != inAir.get()) return true
+        if (previous.surfDist.get() != surfDist.get()) return true
+        return super.shouldSync(previous)
+    }
+}

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/behaviour/types/land/ClimbBehaviour.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Cobblemon Contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land
+
+import com.bedrockk.molang.Expression
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.CobblemonRideSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.OrientationControllable
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.orientation.OrientationController
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.orientation.OrientationController.Companion.UP
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.RidingStyle
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.*
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseOption
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseProvider
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldLayer
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.FieldPrimitive
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.PrimitiveShape
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.collectPrimitivesFromBlocks
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.estimateGradient
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.sampleField
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.visualizeDistanceField
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.sound.RideSoundSettingsList
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.stats.RidingStat
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldTuning
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.PoseType
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.pokemon.PokemonEntity
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.*
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.math.geometry.toRadians
+import net.minecraft.core.Direction
+import net.minecraft.core.particles.ParticleTypes
+import net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf
+import net.minecraft.network.RegistryFriendlyByteBuf
+import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth
+import net.minecraft.util.SmoothDouble
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.LivingEntity
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.ai.attributes.Attributes
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.player.Player
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec2
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.shapes.Shapes
+import org.joml.Matrix3f
+import org.joml.Quaternionf
+import org.joml.Vector3f
+import kotlin.math.*
+
+class ClimbBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<ClimbSettings, ClimbState> {
+    companion object {
+        val KEY = cobblemonResource("land/climb")
+    }
+
+    override val key = KEY
+
+    override fun getRidingStyle(settings: ClimbSettings, state: ClimbState): RidingStyle {
+        return RidingStyle.LAND
+    }
+
+    val poseProvider = PoseProvider<ClimbSettings, ClimbState>(PoseType.STAND)
+        .with(PoseOption(PoseType.WALK) { _, state, vehicle ->
+            return@PoseOption abs(state.rideVelocity.get().horizontalDistance()) > 0.0
+        })
+
+    override fun isActive(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return Shapes.create(vehicle.boundingBox).blockPositionsAsListRounded().any {
+            // Need to check other fluids
+            if (vehicle.isInWater || vehicle.isUnderWater) {
+                return@any false
+            }
+            // This might not actually work, depending on what the yPos actually is. yPos of the middle of the entity? the feet?
+            if (it.y.toDouble() == (vehicle.position().y)) {
+                val blockState = vehicle.level().getBlockState(it.below())
+                return@any !blockState.isAir && blockState.fluidState.isEmpty
+            }
+            true
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun pose(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): PoseType {
+        return this.poseProvider.select(settings, state, vehicle)
+    }
+
+    override fun speed(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return state.rideVelocity.get().length().toFloat()
+    }
+
+    override fun tick(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        input: Vec3
+    ) {
+        handleSprinting(state, driver)
+        inAirCheck(state, vehicle)
+        tickStamina(settings, state, vehicle)
+
+        // attachmentNormal: discrete, physics-facing - which face are we touching, used
+        //   for the sticking force (newDownForce) in velocity().
+        // renderSurfaceNormal: smoothed field-gradient - purely cosmetic, used to slowly
+        //   rotate the model's up vector in angRollVel(). The two are intentionally
+        //   separate and should not be conflated.
+        updateAttachment(state, vehicle)
+        updateRenderSurfaceNormal(state, vehicle)
+
+        //TODO: should be a config somewhere
+        val debugVisualizeField = true;
+
+        if (debugVisualizeField && !vehicle.level().isClientSide && vehicle.tickCount % 5 == 0) {
+            visualizeDistanceField(
+                referenceEntity = vehicle,
+                center = vehicle.position().add(0.0, (vehicle.bbHeight * 0.5f).toDouble(), 0.0),
+                layers = listOf(
+                    DistanceFieldLayer(isoValue = 0.0f, color = Vector3f(1f, 0.2f, 0.2f)),
+                    DistanceFieldLayer(isoValue = 1.0f, color = Vector3f(0.2f, 0.6f, 1f))
+                ),
+                horizontalRadius = 2.0,
+                verticalRange = 2.0,
+                sampleSpacing = 0.35,
+                marchStep = 0.15,
+                tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.5f)
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the smoothed field-gradient normal used for rendering only (up-vector
+     * alignment in angRollVel). Cached here at tick rate since collecting primitives
+     * and sampling the field is real work - actually applying the rotation happens
+     * separately at frame rate, same pattern as HorseBehaviour's surfDist/BoardBehaviour's
+     * surfaceNormal.
+     */
+    fun updateRenderSurfaceNormal(state: ClimbState, vehicle: PokemonEntity) {
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+        val center = vehicle.position().add(0.0, (vehicle.bbHeight * 0.5f).toDouble(), 0.0)
+        val horizontalRadius = 1.5
+        val verticalRange = 1.5
+
+        val searchBox = AABB(
+            center.x - horizontalRadius, center.y - verticalRange, center.z - horizontalRadius,
+            center.x + horizontalRadius, center.y + verticalRange, center.z + horizontalRadius
+        )
+
+        val primitives: List<FieldPrimitive> = collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(level, searchBox, PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID)
+        if (primitives.isEmpty()) return
+
+        val tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.5f)
+        val gradient = estimateGradient(primitives, center, tuning)
+        state.renderSurfaceNormal.set(gradient)
+    }
+
+    /** Debug viz: draws a short line of particles from the vehicle out along the current attachment normal. */
+    fun spawnAttachmentNormalParticles(vehicle: PokemonEntity, normal: Vec3) {
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+        if (!level.isClientSide) return
+        if (normal.lengthSqr() < 1e-6) return
+
+        val origin = vehicle.position().add(0.0, (vehicle.bbHeight * 0.5f).toDouble(), 0.0)
+        val length = 1.5
+        val steps = 15
+        for (i in 0..steps) {
+            val t = i.toDouble() / steps
+            val point = origin.add(normal.scale(length * t))
+            level.addParticle(ParticleTypes.END_ROD, point.x, point.y, point.z, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun inAirCheck(
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        // Check both vertical movement and if there are blocks below.
+        val posBelow = vehicle.blockPosition().below()
+        val blockStateBelow = vehicle.level().getBlockState(posBelow)
+        val isAirOrLiquid = blockStateBelow.isAir || !blockStateBelow.fluidState.isEmpty
+
+        val canSupportEntity = blockStateBelow.isFaceSturdy(vehicle.level(), posBelow, Direction.UP)
+        val standingOnSolid = canSupportEntity && !isAirOrLiquid
+
+        // inAir if not on the ground
+        val inAir = !(vehicle.deltaMovement.y == 0.0 || standingOnSolid)
+        state.inAir.set(inAir)
+    }
+
+    fun handleSprinting(
+        state: ClimbState,
+        driver: Player
+    ) {
+        if (state.sprinting.get()) {
+            state.sprinting.set(driver.isSprinting && state.stamina.get() > 0.0f)
+        } else {
+            // Only allow sprinting to start if over x percentage of stamina left
+            val stamSprintPerc = 25.0f
+            state.sprinting.set(driver.isSprinting && state.stamina.get() > stamSprintPerc / 100.0f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun tickStamina(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        val stam = state.stamina.get()
+        var newStam = stam
+        val stamDrainRate = (1.0f / vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.staminaExpr)).toFloat() / 20.0f
+
+        if (state.sprinting.get()) {
+            newStam = max(0.0f,stam - stamDrainRate)
+
+        } else {
+            newStam = min(1.0f,stam + stamDrainRate * 4)
+        }
+
+        state.stamina.set(newStam)
+    }
+
+    override fun updatePassengerRotation(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ) { return }
+
+    override fun clampPassengerRotation(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ) { }
+
+
+    override fun rotation(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ): Vec2 {
+        return Vec2(vehicle.xRot, vehicle.yRot )
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+   *  Calculates the rotation amount given the difference between
+   *  the current player y rot and entity y rot. This gives the
+   *  affect of influencing a rides rotation through the mouse
+   *  without it being instant.
+   *
+   * THIS IS ADAPTED FOR 3D ORIENTATION
+   */
+    fun calcRotAmount(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: LivingEntity
+    ): Float {
+        val topSpeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.speedExpr)
+        val handling = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.handlingExpr)
+        val walkHandlingBoost = 5
+        val maxYawDiff = vehicle.runtime.resolveFloat(settings.lookYawLimit)
+
+        // Normalize the current rotation diff
+        val controller = (vehicle as? OrientationControllable)?.orientationController
+        if (controller == null || controller.orientation == null) return 0.0f
+
+        val rotDiff = Mth.wrapDegrees(Mth.wrapDegrees(driver.yRot) - controller.yaw).coerceIn(-maxYawDiff,maxYawDiff)
+        val rotDiffNorm = rotDiff / maxYawDiff
+
+        // Take the square root so that the ride levels out quicker when at lower differences between entity
+        // y and driver y
+        // This influences the speed of the turn based on how far in one direction you're looking
+        val minRotMod = 0.4f // Min speed that the rotation modulation converges towards
+        val rotDiffMod = ((sqrt(abs(rotDiffNorm)) * (1.0f - minRotMod)) + minRotMod) * rotDiffNorm.sign
+
+        // Turn rate should be quick when walking and slower when sprinting.
+        // Smoothly move between these based on speed
+        val walkSpeed = getWalkSpeed(vehicle)
+        val w = max(walkSpeed, vehicle.deltaMovement.horizontalDistance())
+        val invRelSpeed = (RidingBehaviour.scaleToRange(w, walkSpeed, topSpeed ) - 1.0f) * -1.0f
+        val turnRate = ((handling.toFloat() / 20.0f) * max(walkHandlingBoost * invRelSpeed, 1.0)).toFloat()
+
+        // Ensure you only ever rotate as much difference as there is between the angles.
+        val turnSpeed = turnRate * rotDiffMod
+        val rotAmount = turnSpeed.coerceIn(-abs(rotDiff), abs(rotDiff))
+
+        return rotAmount
+    }
+
+
+    override fun velocity(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        input: Vec3
+    ): Vec3 {
+        state.rideVelocity.set(calculateRideSpaceVel(settings, state, vehicle, driver))
+        return state.rideVelocity.get()
+    }
+
+    private fun calculateRideSpaceVel(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Vec3 {
+        val globalHorse: HorseSettings = CobblemonRideSettings.horse
+        val canSprint = vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.canSprint ?: globalHorse.canSprint!!)
+        val canJump = vehicle.runtime.resolveBoolean(settings.canJump ?: globalHorse.canJump!!)
+        val jumpForce = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.jumpExpr ?: globalHorse.jumpExpr!!) * 0.75
+        val rideTopSpeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.speedExpr ?: globalHorse.speedExpr!!)
+        val walkSpeed = getWalkSpeed(vehicle)
+        val topSpeed = if(canSprint && state.sprinting.get()) rideTopSpeed else walkSpeed
+        val accelTime = if(state.sprinting.get()) (vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(settings.accelerationExpr ?: globalHorse.accelerationExpr!!) * 20.0) else 0.5 * 20.0
+        val accel = topSpeed / accelTime
+        var activeInput = false
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gather the previous velocity and check for horizontal
+         * collisions
+         *****************************************************/
+        var newVelocity = state.rideVelocity.get() //.normalize().scale(vehicle.deltaMovement.horizontalDistance())
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gather the previous velocity and check for horizontal
+         * collisions
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (vehicle.horizontalCollision) {
+            var horizontalVec = Vec3(newVelocity.x, 0.0, newVelocity.z)
+            horizontalVec = horizontalVec.normalize().scale(min(horizontalVec.length(), 0.3))
+            newVelocity = Vec3(horizontalVec.x, newVelocity.y, horizontalVec.z)
+        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Speed up and slow down based on input
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (driver.zza != 0.0f) {
+
+            // If on a tight turn then do not speed up past half of top speed in order to turn quicker
+            // Also determine how fast to be slowing down based on how far turned you are
+            val lookYawLimit = vehicle.runtime.resolveFloat(settings.lookYawLimit ?: globalHorse.lookYawLimit!!)
+            val percOfMaxTurnSpeed = abs(Mth.wrapDegrees(driver.yRot - vehicle.yRot) / lookYawLimit) * 100.0f
+            val turnPercThresh = 0.0f
+            val s = min(((percOfMaxTurnSpeed - turnPercThresh) / (100.0f - turnPercThresh)).pow(1),1.0f)
+            val effectiveTopSpeed = if (percOfMaxTurnSpeed > turnPercThresh) topSpeed / max(2.0f*s,1.0f) else topSpeed
+            val turningSlowDown = s * 0.1
+
+            //make sure it can't exceed top speed
+            val forwardInput = when {
+                driver.zza > 0 && newVelocity.z > effectiveTopSpeed -> 0.0
+                driver.zza < 0 && newVelocity.z < (-effectiveTopSpeed / 3.0) -> 0.0
+                else -> driver.zza.sign
+            }
+
+            // Add extra friction if trying to slow down to turn faster
+            if (newVelocity.z > effectiveTopSpeed) {
+                newVelocity = newVelocity.subtract(0.0, 0.0, min(turningSlowDown * newVelocity.z.sign, newVelocity.z))
+            }
+
+            newVelocity = Vec3(
+                newVelocity.x,
+                newVelocity.y,
+                (newVelocity.z + (accel * forwardInput.toDouble())))
+
+            activeInput = true
+        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Gravity logic
+         *****************************************************/
+        val isOnTopSurface = state.attachmentNormal.get() == Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+        if (isOnTopSurface) {
+            if (!vehicle.onGround() && state.jumpTicks.get() <= 0) {
+                val gravity = (9.8 / ( 20.0)) * 0.2 * 0.6
+                val terminalVel = 2.0
+                newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, max(newVelocity.y - gravity, -terminalVel), newVelocity.z)
+            } else if(vehicle.onGround()) {
+                newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, 0.0, newVelocity.z)
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Wall/ceiling - small constant pull to stay stuck, not real gravity.
+            val stickForce = 0.08
+            newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, newVelocity.y - stickForce, newVelocity.z)
+        }
+
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Ground Friction
+         *****************************************************/
+        if( (newVelocity.horizontalDistance() > 0 && vehicle.onGround() && !activeInput) || newVelocity.horizontalDistance() > topSpeed) {
+            newVelocity = newVelocity.subtract(0.0, 0.0, min(0.03 * newVelocity.z.sign, newVelocity.z))
+        }
+
+        /******************************************************
+         * Jump Logic
+         *****************************************************/
+        if (state.jumpTicks.get() > 0 || (state.jumpTicks.get() >= 0 && driver.jumping && vehicle.onGround() && canJump && driver.deltaMovement.y <= 0.1)) {
+            // Spread out jumpforce so that variable height jumps are possible
+            val jumpInputTicks = 6
+            if (driver.jumping && (state.jumpTicks.get() >= 0 && state.jumpTicks.get() < jumpInputTicks)) {
+                val appliedJumpForce = ((jumpForce*1.5) / jumpInputTicks) //* (1 - state.jumpTicks.get() / jumpInputTicks)
+                newVelocity = Vec3(newVelocity.x, newVelocity.y + appliedJumpForce, newVelocity.z)
+                state.jumpTicks.set(state.jumpTicks.get() + 1)
+            } else {
+                // Set delay before next jump is possible after hitting ground
+                val tickJumpDelay = 3
+                state.jumpTicks.set(-tickJumpDelay)
+            }
+        } else if (vehicle.onGround() && state.jumpTicks.get() < 0) {
+            // Tick off the delay once reaching the ground
+            state.jumpTicks.set(state.jumpTicks.get() + 1)
+        }
+
+        // Zero out lateral velocity possibly picked up from a controller transition
+        newVelocity = Vec3(0.0, newVelocity.y, newVelocity.z)
+
+
+        return newVelocity
+    }
+
+    private fun getWalkSpeed( vehicle: PokemonEntity ): Double {
+        val walkspeed = vehicle.runtime.resolveDouble(vehicle.behaviour.moving.walk.walkSpeed)
+        val movementSpeed = vehicle.attributes.getValue(Attributes.MOVEMENT_SPEED)
+        val speedModifier = 1.2 * 0.35
+        return walkspeed * movementSpeed * speedModifier
+
+    }
+
+    override fun angRollVel(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        deltaTime: Double
+    ): Vec3 {
+        if (vehicle !is OrientationControllable) return Vec3.ZERO
+        val controller = vehicle.orientationController
+
+        // Smoothly rotate the model's up vector toward the (separately computed,
+        // smoothed) field-gradient normal. Purely cosmetic - does not affect attachment
+        // or movement, which are driven by state.attachmentNormal instead.
+        val upAlignmentRatePerTick = 0.2
+        val frameBlend = 1.0 - (1.0 - upAlignmentRatePerTick).pow(deltaTime * 20.0)
+        alignUpToSurfaceNormal(controller, state.renderSurfaceNormal.get(), frameBlend.toFloat())
+
+        return Vec3.ZERO
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotates [controller]'s orientation so its up vector moves a fraction of the way
+     * toward [targetUp] - partial per call, not instant, so alignment settles smoothly
+     * rather than snapping every time the target changes.
+     */
+    private fun alignUpToSurfaceNormal(controller: OrientationController, targetUp: Vec3, alignmentBlend: Float) {
+        if (targetUp.lengthSqr() < 1e-6) return
+        val targetUpVec = Vector3f(targetUp.x.toFloat(), targetUp.y.toFloat(), targetUp.z.toFloat()).normalize()
+
+        controller.updateOrientation { current ->
+            val currentUp = current.transform(Vector3f(UP), Vector3f())
+            if (currentUp.lengthSquared() < 1e-6f) return@updateOrientation current
+
+            // Full rotation that would exactly align currentUp to targetUp...
+            val fullCorrection = Quaternionf().rotationTo(currentUp, targetUpVec)
+            // ...but only take a partial step toward it, so alignment is smooth, not instant.
+            val steppedCorrection = Quaternionf().slerp(fullCorrection, alignmentBlend)
+
+            Matrix3f().set(steppedCorrection).mul(current, Matrix3f())
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun rotationOnMouseXY(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        mouseY: Double,
+        mouseX: Double,
+        mouseYSmoother: SmoothDouble,
+        mouseXSmoother: SmoothDouble,
+        sensitivity: Double,
+        deltaTime: Double
+    ): Vec3 {
+        if (vehicle !is OrientationControllable) return Vec3.ZERO
+        val vehicleController = vehicle.orientationController
+
+        val smoothingSpeed = 4
+        val xInput = mouseXSmoother.getNewDeltaValue(mouseX * 0.1, deltaTime * smoothingSpeed)
+        val yInput = mouseYSmoother.getNewDeltaValue(mouseY * 0.1, deltaTime * smoothingSpeed)
+
+        //yaw, pitch, roll
+        return Vec3(xInput, 0.0, 0.0)
+    }
+
+
+    override fun canJump(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun setRideBar(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return (state.stamina.get() / 1.0f)
+    }
+
+    override fun jumpForce(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player,
+        jumpStrength: Int
+    ): Vec3 {
+        return Vec3.ZERO
+    }
+
+    override fun gravity(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        regularGravity: Double
+    ): Double {
+        return 0.0
+    }
+
+    override fun rideFovMultiplier(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+        driver: Player
+    ): Float {
+        return 1.0f
+    }
+
+    override fun useAngVelSmoothing(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun inertia(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Double {
+        return 1.0
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRoll(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun turnOffOnGround(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun dismountOnShift(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRotatePokemonHead(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldRotateRiderHead(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): Boolean {
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun getRideSounds(
+        settings: ClimbSettings,
+        state: ClimbState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity
+    ): RideSoundSettingsList {
+        return settings.rideSounds
+    }
+
+    override fun createDefaultState(settings: ClimbSettings) = ClimbState()
+}
+
+class ClimbSettings : RidingBehaviourSettings {
+    override val key = ClimbBehaviour.KEY
+    override val stats = mutableMapOf<RidingStat, IntRange>()
+
+    var canJump = "true".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    var canSprint = "true".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    var lookYawLimit = "90.0f".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    var speedExpr: Expression = "q.get_ride_stats('SPEED', 'LAND', 1.0, 0.4)".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    // Max accel is a whole 1.0 in 1 second. The conversion in the function below is to convert seconds to ticks
+    var accelerationExpr: Expression =
+        "q.get_ride_stats('ACCELERATION', 'LAND', 0.5, 2.0)".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    // Between 30 seconds and 10 seconds at the lowest when at full speed.
+    var staminaExpr: Expression = "q.get_ride_stats('STAMINA', 'LAND', 30.0, 10.0)".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    //Between a one block jump and a six block jump
+    var jumpExpr: Expression = "q.get_ride_stats('JUMP', 'LAND', 1.0, 0.38)".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    var handlingExpr: Expression = "q.get_ride_stats('SKILL', 'LAND', 180.0, 40.0)".asExpression()
+        private set
+
+    var rideSounds: RideSoundSettingsList = RideSoundSettingsList()
+
+    override fun encode(buffer: RegistryFriendlyByteBuf) {
+        buffer.writeResourceLocation(key)
+        buffer.writeRidingStats(stats)
+        rideSounds.encode(buffer)
+        buffer.writeExpression(speedExpr)
+        buffer.writeExpression(accelerationExpr)
+        buffer.writeExpression(staminaExpr)
+        buffer.writeExpression(jumpExpr)
+        buffer.writeExpression(handlingExpr)
+        buffer.writeExpression(canJump)
+        buffer.writeExpression(canSprint)
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: RegistryFriendlyByteBuf) {
+        stats.putAll(buffer.readRidingStats())
+        rideSounds = RideSoundSettingsList.decode(buffer)
+        speedExpr = buffer.readExpression()
+        accelerationExpr = buffer.readExpression()
+        staminaExpr = buffer.readExpression()
+        jumpExpr = buffer.readExpression()
+        handlingExpr = buffer.readExpression()
+        canJump = buffer.readExpression()
+        canSprint = buffer.readExpression()
+    }
+}
+
+class ClimbState : RidingBehaviourState() {
+    var sprinting = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var inAir = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var jumpTicks = ridingState(0, Side.CLIENT)
+
+    // Discrete, physics-facing: which of the 6 faces we're attached to right now.
+    // Drives newDownForce in velocity(). Set by updateAttachment().
+    var attachmentNormal = ridingState(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), Side.CLIENT)
+    var attachmentPoint = ridingState(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), Side.CLIENT)
+
+    // Smoothed, rendering-facing: the field-gradient normal used only to slowly rotate
+    // the model's visual up vector in angRollVel(). Deliberately separate from
+    // attachmentNormal - see comments in tick(). Set by updateRenderSurfaceNormal().
+    var renderSurfaceNormal = ridingState(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), Side.CLIENT)
+
+    override fun encode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
+        super.encode(buffer)
+        buffer.writeBoolean(sprinting.get())
+        buffer.writeBoolean(inAir.get())
+        buffer.writeInt(jumpTicks.get())
+    }
+
+    override fun decode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
+        super.decode(buffer)
+        sprinting.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        inAir.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        jumpTicks.set(buffer.readInt(), forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun reset() {
+        super.reset()
+        sprinting.set(false, forced = true)
+        inAir.set(false, forced = true)
+        jumpTicks.set(0, forced = true)
+        attachmentNormal.set(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), forced = true)
+        attachmentPoint.set(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), forced = true)
+        renderSurfaceNormal.set(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun copy() = ClimbState().also {
+        it.rideVelocity.set(this.rideVelocity.get(), forced = true)
+        it.stamina.set(this.stamina.get(), forced = true)
+        it.sprinting.set(this.sprinting.get(), forced = true)
+        it.inAir.set(this.inAir.get(), forced = true)
+        it.jumpTicks.set(this.jumpTicks.get(), forced = true)
+        it.attachmentNormal.set(this.attachmentNormal.get(), forced = true)
+        it.attachmentPoint.set(this.attachmentNormal.get(), forced = true)
+        it.renderSurfaceNormal.set(this.renderSurfaceNormal.get(), forced = true)
+    }
+
+    override fun shouldSync(previous: RidingBehaviourState): Boolean {
+        if (previous !is ClimbState) return false
+        if (previous.sprinting.get() != sprinting.get()) return true
+        if (previous.inAir.get() != inAir.get()) return true
+        return super.shouldSync(previous)
+    }
+}
+
+fun updateAttachment(state: ClimbState, vehicle: PokemonEntity) {
+    val probeMargin = 0.15
+    val currentFace = AttachmentFace.entries.firstOrNull { it.normal == state.attachmentNormal.get() }
+    val face = determineAttachmentFace(vehicle, currentFace, probeMargin)
+    if (face != null) {
+        state.attachmentNormal.set(face.normal)
+    }
+    // face == null means nothing's currently in reach - leave attachmentNormal as
+    // whatever it last was until the jump/detach state takes over.
+}
+
+enum class AttachmentFace(val normal: Vec3) {
+    UP(Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)),
+    DOWN(Vec3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0)),
+    NORTH(Vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0)),
+    SOUTH(Vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)),
+    EAST(Vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
+    WEST(Vec3(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+}
+
+/** Thin slab test on one face of the vehicle's actual bounding box - true if anything solid is touching that side. */
+fun probeFaceContact(vehicle: PokemonEntity, face: AttachmentFace, probeMargin: Double): Boolean {
+    val box = vehicle.boundingBox
+    val testBox = when (face) {
+        AttachmentFace.UP    -> AABB(box.minX, box.maxY, box.minZ, box.maxX, box.maxY + probeMargin, box.maxZ)
+        AttachmentFace.DOWN  -> AABB(box.minX, box.minY - probeMargin, box.minZ, box.maxX, box.minY, box.maxZ)
+        AttachmentFace.NORTH -> AABB(box.minX, box.minY, box.minZ - probeMargin, box.maxX, box.maxY, box.minZ)
+        AttachmentFace.SOUTH -> AABB(box.minX, box.minY, box.maxZ, box.maxX, box.maxY, box.maxZ + probeMargin)
+        AttachmentFace.EAST  -> AABB(box.maxX, box.minY, box.minZ, box.maxX + probeMargin, box.maxY, box.maxZ)
+        AttachmentFace.WEST  -> AABB(box.minX - probeMargin, box.minY, box.minZ, box.minX, box.maxY, box.maxZ)
+    }
+    return !vehicle.level().noCollision(vehicle, testBox)
+}
+
+/** Stays on the current face if it's still touching, otherwise scans for a new one. */
+fun determineAttachmentFace(vehicle: PokemonEntity, currentFace: AttachmentFace?, probeMargin: Double): AttachmentFace? {
+    if (currentFace != null && probeFaceContact(vehicle, currentFace, probeMargin)) {
+        return currentFace
+    }
+    return AttachmentFace.entries.firstOrNull { probeFaceContact(vehicle, it, probeMargin) }
+}

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/behaviour/types/land/HorseBehaviour.kt

@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseOption
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.posing.PoseProvider
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.sound.RideSoundSettingsList
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.stats.RidingStat
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldLayer
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.DistanceFieldTuning
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.PrimitiveShape
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.collectPrimitivesFromBlocks
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.estimateGradient
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.sampleField
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util.visualizeDistanceField
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.PoseType
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.pokemon.PokemonEntity
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.blockPositionsAsListRounded
@@ -41,16 +48,22 @@ import kotlin.math.pow
 import kotlin.math.sign
 import kotlin.math.sqrt
 import net.minecraft.core.Direction
+import net.minecraft.core.particles.ParticleTypes
 import net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf
 import net.minecraft.network.RegistryFriendlyByteBuf
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth
 import net.minecraft.util.SmoothDouble
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.LivingEntity
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.ai.attributes.Attributes
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.player.Player
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec2
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.shapes.Shapes
+import org.joml.Matrix3f
+import org.joml.Vector3f
+import kotlin.math.*
 
 class HorseBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<HorseSettings, HorseState> {
     companion object {
@@ -118,7 +131,57 @@ class HorseBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<HorseSettings, HorseState> {
             inAirCheck(state, vehicle)
             tickStamina(settings, state, vehicle)
             state.walking.set(state.rideVelocity.get().horizontalDistance() > 0.01 || driver.zza != 0.0f)
+            //surfDistCheck(state, vehicle)
         }
+
+        //TODO: should be a config somewhere
+        val debugVisualizeField = true;
+
+        if (debugVisualizeField && !vehicle.level().isClientSide && vehicle.tickCount % 5 == 0) {
+            visualizeDistanceField(
+                referenceEntity = vehicle,
+                center = vehicle.position().add(0.0, (vehicle.bbHeight * 0.5f).toDouble(), 0.0),
+                layers = listOf(
+                    DistanceFieldLayer(isoValue = 2.5f, color = Vector3f(1f, 0.2f, 0.2f))
+                ),
+                shape = PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID,
+                horizontalRadius = 4.0,
+                verticalRange = 4.0,
+                sampleSpacing = 0.3,
+                marchStep = 0.15,
+                tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.25f)
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check how far the vehicle is from the "surface"
+     */
+    fun surfDistCheck(
+        state: HorseState,
+        vehicle: PokemonEntity,
+    ) {
+        val center = vehicle.position()
+        val horizontalRadius = 4.0;
+        val verticalRange = 4.0;
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+
+        //if (level !is ServerLevel) return
+
+        // Take a cubic area around the vehicle and gather SDF primitives from it.
+        val searchBox = AABB(
+            center.x - horizontalRadius, center.y - verticalRange, center.z - horizontalRadius,
+            center.x + horizontalRadius, center.y + verticalRange, center.z + horizontalRadius
+        )
+        val primitives = collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(level,
+            searchBox,
+            PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID,
+            includeFluids = true
+        )
+        val sp = center.toVector3f() // Sample Point
+        val tuning = DistanceFieldTuning(smoothingRange = 0.25f)
+        val sd = sampleField(primitives, sp.x, sp.y, sp.z, tuning)
+        state.surfDist.set(sd)
     }
 
     fun inAirCheck(
@@ -266,6 +329,19 @@ class HorseBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<HorseSettings, HorseState> {
         return rotAmount
     }
 
+    private fun spawnGradientDebugParticles(vehicle: PokemonEntity, normal: Vec3) {
+        val level = vehicle.level()
+        val headPos = vehicle.position().add(0.0, vehicle.bbHeight.toDouble(), 0.0)
+
+        val steps = 20
+        val length = 2.0
+        for (i in 0..steps) {
+            val t = i.toDouble() / steps
+            val point = headPos.add(normal.scale(length * t))
+            level.addParticle(ParticleTypes.END_ROD, point.x, point.y, point.z, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        }
+    }
+
 
     override fun velocity(
         settings: HorseSettings,
@@ -496,7 +572,7 @@ class HorseBehaviour : RidingBehaviour<HorseSettings, HorseState> {
         state: HorseState,
         vehicle: PokemonEntity
     ): Boolean {
-        return false
+        return true
     }
 
     override fun turnOffOnGround(
@@ -639,6 +715,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
     var jumpTicks = ridingState(0, Side.CLIENT)
     var sprintTickTimer = ridingState(0, Side.CLIENT)
     var forwardHeldLastTick = ridingState(false, Side.CLIENT)
+    var surfDist = ridingState(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Side.BOTH)
 
     override fun encode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
         super.encode(buffer)
@@ -649,6 +726,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
         buffer.writeInt(jumpTicks.get())
         buffer.writeInt(sprintTickTimer.get())
         buffer.writeBoolean(forwardHeldLastTick.get())
+        buffer.writeFloat(surfDist.get())
     }
 
     override fun decode(buffer: FriendlyByteBuf) {
@@ -660,6 +738,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
         jumpTicks.set(buffer.readInt(), forced = true)
         sprintTickTimer.set(buffer.readInt(), forced = true)
         forwardHeldLastTick.set(buffer.readBoolean(), forced = true)
+        surfDist.set(buffer.readFloat(), forced = true)
     }
 
     override fun reset() {
@@ -671,6 +750,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
         jumpTicks.set(0, forced = true)
         sprintTickTimer.set(0, forced = true)
         forwardHeldLastTick.set(false, forced = true)
+        surfDist.set(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, forced = true)
     }
 
     override fun copy() = HorseState().also {
@@ -683,6 +763,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
         it.jumpTicks.set(this.jumpTicks.get(), forced = true)
         it.sprintTickTimer.set(this.sprintTickTimer.get(), forced = true)
         it.forwardHeldLastTick.set(this.forwardHeldLastTick.get(), forced = true)
+        it.surfDist.set(this.surfDist.get(), forced = true)
     }
 
     override fun shouldSync(previous: RidingBehaviourState): Boolean {
@@ -691,6 +772,7 @@ class HorseState : RidingBehaviourState() {
         if (previous.walking.get() != walking.get()) return true
         if (previous.sprintToggleable.get() != sprintToggleable.get()) return true
         if (previous.inAir.get() != inAir.get()) return true
+        if (previous.surfDist.get() != surfDist.get()) return true
         return super.shouldSync(previous)
     }
 }

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/util/BlockPrimitiveCollector.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Cobblemon Contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util
+
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos
+import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockGetter
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB
+import kotlin.math.floor
+
+/**
+ * Walks every block position inside [searchBox] and turns each solid block into one
+ * full-cube [FieldPrimitive].
+ *
+ * @author Jackson
+ * @since July 27th, 2026
+ */
+
+fun collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(
+    level: BlockGetter,
+    searchBox: AABB,
+    shape: PrimitiveShape,
+    includeFluids: Boolean = false
+): List<FieldPrimitive> {
+    val primitives = mutableListOf<FieldPrimitive>()
+
+    val minX = floor(searchBox.minX).toInt()
+    val maxX = floor(searchBox.maxX).toInt()
+    val minY = floor(searchBox.minY).toInt()
+    val maxY = floor(searchBox.maxY).toInt()
+    val minZ = floor(searchBox.minZ).toInt()
+    val maxZ = floor(searchBox.maxZ).toInt()
+
+    val pos = BlockPos.MutableBlockPos()
+    for (x in minX..maxX) {
+        for (y in minY..maxY) {
+            for (z in minZ..maxZ) {
+                pos.set(x, y, z)
+                val state = level.getBlockState(pos)
+
+                val isSolid = !state.getCollisionShape(level, pos).isEmpty
+                val isFluid = includeFluids && !state.fluidState.isEmpty
+                if (!isSolid && !isFluid) continue
+
+                primitives.add(
+                    FieldPrimitive(
+                        shape = shape,
+                        centerX = x + 0.5f, centerY = y + 0.5f, centerZ = z + 0.5f,
+                        halfWidth = 0.5f, halfHeight = 0.5f, halfDepth = 0.5f
+                    )
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return primitives
+}

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/util/DistanceFieldMath.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Cobblemon Contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util
+
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.max
+import kotlin.math.min
+import kotlin.math.sqrt
+
+/**
+ * Helpful Functions when working with signed distance fields/functions.
+ * https://iquilezles.org/articles/distfunctions/
+ *
+ * @author Jackson
+ * @since July 27th, 2026
+ */
+
+/** Which distance formula a primitive uses. */
+enum class PrimitiveShape {
+    BOX,
+    ROUNDED_BOX,
+    ELLIPSOID
+}
+
+/** Tunable constants for the field. */
+data class DistanceFieldTuning(
+    val smoothingRange: Float = 0.5f,
+    val roundingRadius: Float = 0.08f
+)
+
+/** A single shape in the field - a center position, half-extents, and which formula to use. */
+data class FieldPrimitive(
+    val shape: PrimitiveShape,
+    val centerX: Float, val centerY: Float, val centerZ: Float,
+    val halfWidth: Float, val halfHeight: Float, val halfDepth: Float
+)
+
+/** Fast approximate 1/sqrt(x) - the Quake III trick, cheaper than a real sqrt + divide. */
+fun fastInverseSqrt(value: Float): Float {
+    var x = value
+    val halfX = 0.5f * x
+    var bits = java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(x)
+    bits = 0x5f3759df - (bits shr 1)
+    x = java.lang.Float.intBitsToFloat(bits)
+    x *= (1.5f - halfX * x * x)
+    return x
+}
+
+/** Exact distance from a point to an axis-aligned box. Inputs are relative to the box's own center. */
+fun boxDistance(relX: Float, relY: Float, relZ: Float, halfWidth: Float, halfHeight: Float, halfDepth: Float): Float {
+    val qx = abs(relX) - halfWidth
+    val qy = abs(relY) - halfHeight
+    val qz = abs(relZ) - halfDepth
+    val ox = max(qx, 0f)
+    val oy = max(qy, 0f)
+    val oz = max(qz, 0f)
+    val outside = sqrt(ox * ox + oy * oy + oz * oz)
+    val inside = min(max(qx, max(qy, qz)), 0f)
+    return outside + inside
+}
+
+/** Same as boxDistance but with rounded corners/edges https://iquilezles.org/articles/distfunctions/ */
+fun roundedBoxDistance(relX: Float, relY: Float, relZ: Float, halfWidth: Float, halfHeight: Float, halfDepth: Float, roundingRadius: Float): Float =
+    boxDistance(relX, relY, relZ, halfWidth - roundingRadius, halfHeight - roundingRadius, halfDepth - roundingRadius) - roundingRadius
+
+/** Approximate (lower-bound) distance to an ellipsoid https://iquilezles.org/articles/ellipsoids/. */
+fun ellipsoidDistance(relX: Float, relY: Float, relZ: Float, halfWidth: Float, halfHeight: Float, halfDepth: Float): Float {
+    val px = relX / halfWidth
+    val py = relY / halfHeight
+    val pz = relZ / halfDepth
+    val inverseMagnitude = fastInverseSqrt(px * px + py * py + pz * pz)
+    val trueDistance = sqrt(relX * relX + relY * relY + relZ * relZ)
+    return trueDistance * (1.0f - inverseMagnitude)
+}
+
+/** Distance from a point to one primitive, dispatched by its shape. */
+fun distanceToPrimitive(primitive: FieldPrimitive, sampleX: Float, sampleY: Float, sampleZ: Float, tuning: DistanceFieldTuning): Float {
+    val relX = sampleX - primitive.centerX
+    val relY = sampleY - primitive.centerY
+    val relZ = sampleZ - primitive.centerZ
+    return when (primitive.shape) {
+        PrimitiveShape.BOX -> boxDistance(relX, relY, relZ, primitive.halfWidth, primitive.halfHeight, primitive.halfDepth)
+        PrimitiveShape.ROUNDED_BOX -> roundedBoxDistance(relX, relY, relZ, primitive.halfWidth, primitive.halfHeight, primitive.halfDepth, tuning.roundingRadius)
+        PrimitiveShape.ELLIPSOID -> ellipsoidDistance(relX, relY, relZ, primitive.halfWidth, primitive.halfHeight, primitive.halfDepth)
+    }
+}
+
+///** Normalized quadratic smooth-min https://iquilezles.org/articles/smin/ */
+//fun smoothMinimum(a: Float, b: Float, smoothingRange: Float): Float {
+//    if (smoothingRange <= 0.001f) return min(a, b)
+//    val k = smoothingRange * 4.0f
+//    val h = (0.5f + 0.5f * (b - a) / k).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+//    return b + (a - b) * h - k * h * (1f - h)
+//}
+//
+///** Folds every primitive's distance together into one field value at a point. */
+//fun sampleField(primitives: List<FieldPrimitive>, sampleX: Float, sampleY: Float, sampleZ: Float, tuning: DistanceFieldTuning): Float {
+//    var result = Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+//    for (primitive in primitives) {
+//        val distance = distanceToPrimitive(primitive, sampleX, sampleY, sampleZ, tuning)
+//        result = if (result == Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY) distance else smoothMinimum(result, distance, tuning.smoothingRange)
+//    }
+//    return result
+//}
+
+/** Normalized quadratic smooth-min https://iquilezles.org/articles/smin/ */
+fun smoothMinimum(a: Float, b: Float, smoothingRange: Float): Float {
+    if (smoothingRange <= 0.001f) return min(a, b)
+    val k = smoothingRange * 4.0f
+    val h = (0.5f + 0.5f * (b - a) / k).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+    return b + (a - b) * h - k * h * (1f - h)
+}
+
+/** Folds nearby primitive distances together into one field value at a point. */
+fun sampleField(primitives: List<FieldPrimitive>, sampleX: Float, sampleY: Float, sampleZ: Float, tuning: DistanceFieldTuning): Float {
+    if (primitives.isEmpty()) return Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+
+    val distances = FloatArray(primitives.size) { distanceToPrimitive(primitives[it], sampleX, sampleY, sampleZ, tuning) }
+    val minDistance = distances.min()
+
+    if (tuning.smoothingRange <= 0.001f) return minDistance
+
+    // Anything more than a few blend-widths past the closest primitive is cut - its
+    // contribution would be negligible in a correct blend anyway, but left in, it still
+    // drags the chained result down the more of them there are.
+    val cutoff = tuning.smoothingRange * 3f
+
+    var result = Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+    for (distance in distances) {
+        if (distance - minDistance > cutoff) continue
+        result = if (result == Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY) distance else smoothMinimum(result, distance, tuning.smoothingRange)
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+/** Finite-difference gradient of the field at a point - points away from the surface, magnitude ~1 for a clean field. */
+fun estimateGradient(primitives: List<FieldPrimitive>, point: Vec3, tuning: DistanceFieldTuning, epsilon: Float = 0.05f): Vec3 {
+    val px = point.x.toFloat()
+    val py = point.y.toFloat()
+    val pz = point.z.toFloat()
+
+    val dx = sampleField(primitives, px + epsilon, py, pz, tuning) - sampleField(primitives, px - epsilon, py, pz, tuning)
+    val dy = sampleField(primitives, px, py + epsilon, pz, tuning) - sampleField(primitives, px, py - epsilon, pz, tuning)
+    val dz = sampleField(primitives, px, py, pz + epsilon, tuning) - sampleField(primitives, px, py, pz - epsilon, tuning)
+
+    val gradient = Vec3(dx.toDouble(), dy.toDouble(), dz.toDouble())
+    return if (gradient.lengthSqr() > 1e-8) gradient.normalize() else Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+}

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/api/riding/util/SdfVisualizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Cobblemon Contributors
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+package com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.util
+
+import net.minecraft.core.particles.DustParticleOptions
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3
+import org.joml.Vector3f
+
+/** One shell to draw - a target field value, a color, a particle size. */
+data class DistanceFieldLayer(
+    val isoValue: Float,
+    val color: Vector3f,
+    val particleSize: Float = 1.0f
+)
+
+/**
+ * Marches a grid of vertical columns through the field around [center] and spawns a
+ * particle everywhere it crosses one of [layers]' target values. Server-side only.
+ */
+fun visualizeDistanceField(
+    referenceEntity: Entity,
+    center: Vec3,
+    layers: List<DistanceFieldLayer>,
+    shape: PrimitiveShape = PrimitiveShape.BOX,
+    horizontalRadius: Double = 4.0,
+    verticalRange: Double = 4.0,
+    sampleSpacing: Double = 0.5,
+    marchStep: Double = 0.1,
+    tuning: DistanceFieldTuning = DistanceFieldTuning()
+) {
+    val level = referenceEntity.level()
+    if (level !is ServerLevel) return
+
+    val searchBox = AABB(
+        center.x - horizontalRadius, center.y - verticalRange, center.z - horizontalRadius,
+        center.x + horizontalRadius, center.y, center.z + horizontalRadius
+    )
+
+    val primitives = collectPrimitivesFromBlocks(level, searchBox, shape, includeFluids = true)
+    if (primitives.isEmpty()) return
+
+    var x = -horizontalRadius
+    while (x <= horizontalRadius) {
+        var z = -horizontalRadius
+        while (z <= horizontalRadius) {
+            marchColumn(level, primitives, center, x, z, verticalRange, marchStep, layers, tuning)
+            z += sampleSpacing
+        }
+        x += sampleSpacing
+    }
+}
+
+private fun marchColumn(
+    level: ServerLevel,
+    primitives: List<FieldPrimitive>,
+    center: Vec3,
+    offsetX: Double,
+    offsetZ: Double,
+    verticalRange: Double,
+    marchStep: Double,
+    layers: List<DistanceFieldLayer>,
+    tuning: DistanceFieldTuning
+) {
+    val previousValue = FloatArray(layers.size) { Float.NaN }
+
+    var y = verticalRange
+    while (y >= -verticalRange) {
+        val worldX = (center.x + offsetX).toFloat()
+        val worldY = (center.y + y).toFloat()
+        val worldZ = (center.z + offsetZ).toFloat()
+        val fieldValue = sampleField(primitives, worldX, worldY, worldZ, tuning)
+
+        for (layerIndex in layers.indices) {
+            val layer = layers[layerIndex]
+            val previous = previousValue[layerIndex]
+
+            if (!previous.isNaN() && crossedTarget(previous, fieldValue, layer.isoValue)) {
+                val t = (layer.isoValue - previous) / (fieldValue - previous)
+                val crossingY = (y + marchStep) - marchStep * t
+                spawnLayerParticle(level, center.add(offsetX, crossingY, offsetZ), layer)
+            }
+
+            previousValue[layerIndex] = fieldValue
+        }
+
+        y -= marchStep
+    }
+}
+
+private fun crossedTarget(previous: Float, current: Float, target: Float): Boolean =
+    (previous - target) * (current - target) < 0f
+
+private fun spawnLayerParticle(level: ServerLevel, pos: Vec3, layer: DistanceFieldLayer) {
+    val particle = DustParticleOptions(layer.color, layer.particleSize)
+    level.sendParticles(particle, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, 1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+}

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/block/habitat/HabitatBlock.kt

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.block.SoundType
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityTicker
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType
-import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.CommandBlockEntity
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.StateDefinition
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.properties.BooleanProperty
@@ -81,13 +80,11 @@ class HabitatBlock(properties: Properties) : Block(properties), EntityBlock {
     }
 
     override fun useWithoutItem(state: BlockState, level: Level, pos: BlockPos, player: Player, hitResult: BlockHitResult): InteractionResult {
-        val blockEntity = level.getBlockEntity(pos)
-        val be = level.getBlockEntity(pos) as? HabitatBlockEntity ?: return InteractionResult.PASS
-        return if (blockEntity is HabitatBlockEntity && player.canUseGameMasterBlocks()) {
-            be.onUse(player, hitResult)
-        } else {
-            InteractionResult.PASS
+        if (!level.isClientSide) {
+            val be = level.getBlockEntity(pos) as? HabitatBlockEntity ?: return InteractionResult.PASS
+            return be.onUse(player, hitResult)
         }
+        return InteractionResult.SUCCESS
     }
 
     override fun getDrops(state: BlockState, params: LootParams.Builder): MutableList<ItemStack> {

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/client/gui/RideControlsOverlay.kt

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ class RideControlsOverlay : Gui(Minecraft.getInstance()) {
                     showHorizontalMouse = false
                 }
                 VehicleBehaviour.KEY -> {}
+                BoardBehaviour.KEY -> {}
             }
 
             val centerX = minecraft.window.guiScaledWidth / 2

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/client/gui/config/CobblemonConfigScreen.kt

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ class CobblemonConfigScreen(
         const val WIDGET_HEIGHT = SLOT_HEIGHT - PADDING
         const val LABEL_Y_OFFSET = 4
         const val WIDGET_Y_OFFSET = 0
-        const val LABEL_MAX_WIDTH = SLOT_WIDTH - RESET_SLOT_WIDTH - WIDGET_WIDTH - PADDING * 2
     }
 
     val clonedConfig = Cobblemon.config.clone()

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/client/gui/config/variable/CobblemonConfigVariable.kt

@@ -8,18 +8,17 @@
 
 package com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.variable
 
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.LABEL_MAX_WIDTH
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.LABEL_Y_OFFSET
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.RESET_SLOT_WIDTH
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.SLOT_WIDTH
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.WIDGET_HEIGHT
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigScreen.Companion.WIDGET_Y_OFFSET
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigVariableList
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.gui.config.CobblemonConfigVariableList.CobblemonConfigVariableListEntry
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.drawScrollingText
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.drawScaledText
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.config.CobblemonConfig
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.config.CobblemonConfigField
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.lang
-import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft
 import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiGraphics
 import net.minecraft.client.gui.components.Button
 import net.minecraft.client.gui.components.Tooltip
@@ -92,15 +91,12 @@ abstract class CobblemonConfigVariable(
         val x = getX(left)
         val y = getY(top)
 
-        drawScrollingText(
-            context,
-            Minecraft.getInstance().font,
-            labelLang,
-            x,
-            y + WIDGET_Y_OFFSET,
-            x + LABEL_MAX_WIDTH,
-            y + WIDGET_Y_OFFSET + WIDGET_HEIGHT,
-            -1
+        drawScaledText(
+            context = context,
+            text = labelLang,
+            x = getX(left),
+            y = getY(top) + LABEL_Y_OFFSET,
+            shadow = true
         )
 
         resetButton.x = x + SLOT_WIDTH - RESET_SLOT_WIDTH

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/client/render/RenderHelper.kt

@@ -18,23 +18,17 @@ import com.mojang.blaze3d.systems.RenderSystem
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.PoseStack
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.vertex.VertexConsumer
 import com.mojang.math.Axis
-import net.minecraft.Util
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft
-import net.minecraft.client.gui.Font
 import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiGraphics
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.MultiBufferSource
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.OverlayTexture
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.TextureAtlas
-import net.minecraft.network.chat.Component
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.MutableComponent
 import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation
 import net.minecraft.util.FormattedCharSequence
-import net.minecraft.util.Mth
 import net.minecraft.world.item.ItemDisplayContext
 import net.minecraft.world.item.ItemStack
-import kotlin.math.cos
-import kotlin.math.sin
 
 fun renderScaledGuiItemIcon(itemStack: ItemStack, x: Double, y: Double, scale: Double = 1.0, zTranslation: Float = 100.0F, matrixStack: PoseStack? = null) {
     val itemRenderer = Minecraft.getInstance().itemRenderer
@@ -103,55 +97,6 @@ fun getDepletableRedGreen(
     return r.toFloat() to g.toFloat()
 }
 
-fun drawScrollingText(
-    context: GuiGraphics,
-    font: Font,
-    text: Component,
-    minX: Int,
-    minY: Int,
-    maxX: Int,
-    maxY: Int,
-    colour: Int,
-    minScrollVelocity: Double? = 10.0
-) {
-    val textWidth = font.width(text)
-    val fittedMaxX = if (textWidth <= maxX - minX) minX + textWidth else maxX
-    renderScrollingString(context, font, text, minX, minY, fittedMaxX, maxY, colour, minScrollVelocity)
-}
-
-/** Copied from [net.minecraft.client.gui.components.AbstractWidget.renderScrollingString] **/
-fun renderScrollingString(
-    context: GuiGraphics,
-    font: Font,
-    text: Component,
-    minX: Int,
-    minY: Int,
-    maxX: Int,
-    maxY: Int,
-    colour: Int,
-    minScrollVelocity: Double? = 10.0
-) {
-    val textWidth = font.width(text)
-    val centerY = (minY + maxY - 9) / 2 + 1
-    val boxWidth = maxX - minX
-    if (textWidth <= boxWidth) {
-        val centerX = Mth.clamp((minX + maxX) / 2, minX + textWidth / 2, maxX - textWidth / 2)
-        context.drawCenteredString(font, text, centerX, centerY, colour)
-        return
-    }
-
-    val overflow = textWidth - boxWidth
-    var period = (overflow * 0.5).coerceAtLeast(3.0)
-    if (minScrollVelocity != null) {
-        period = period.coerceAtMost(2 * overflow / minScrollVelocity)
-    }
-    val time = Util.getMillis() / 1000.0
-    val easedProgress = sin((Math.PI / 2) * cos(2 * Math.PI * time / period)) / 2.0 + 0.5
-    val offset = Mth.lerp(easedProgress, 0.0, overflow.toDouble())
-    context.enableScissor(minX, minY, maxX, maxY)
-    context.drawString(font, text, minX - offset.toInt(), centerY, colour)
-    context.disableScissor()
-}
 
 fun drawScaledText(
     context: GuiGraphics,

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/client/render/models/blockbench/PosableModel.kt

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.models.blockbench.quirk.ModelQuirk
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.models.blockbench.quirk.SimpleQuirk
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.models.blockbench.repository.RenderContext
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.render.models.blockbench.wavefunction.WaveFunction
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.client.util.exists
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.PosableEntity
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.PoseType
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.entity.generic.GenericBedrockEntity
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ open class PosableModel(@Transient override val rootPart: Bone) : ModelFrame {
     }
 
     fun setLayerContext(buffer: MultiBufferSource, state: PosableState, layers: Iterable<ModelLayer>) {
-        currentLayers = layers.sortedBy { it.translucent }
+        currentLayers = layers
         bufferProvider = buffer
         currentState = state
     }

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/item/group/CobblemonItemGroups.kt

@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ object CobblemonItemGroups {
         entries.accept(CobblemonItems.PASTURE)
         entries.accept(CobblemonItems.TM_MACHINE)
         entries.accept(CobblemonItems.DISC_SHELF)
+        entries.accept(CobblemonItems.HABITAT_BLOCK)
 
         entries.accept(CobblemonItems.GILDED_CHEST)
         entries.accept(CobblemonItems.YELLOW_GILDED_CHEST)

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/net/messages/client/data/RideSettingsSyncPacket.kt

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.HelicopterSetting
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.HoverSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.JetSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.RocketSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.air.BoardSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.HorseSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.MinekartSettings
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.VehicleSettings
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ class RideSettingsSyncPacket(
     val hover: HoverSettings,
     val jet: JetSettings,
     val rocket: RocketSettings,
+    val board: BoardSettings,
     val horse: HorseSettings,
     val minekart: MinekartSettings,
     val vehicle: VehicleSettings,
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ class RideSettingsSyncPacket(
         hover.encode(buffer)
         jet.encode(buffer)
         rocket.encode(buffer)
+        board.encode(buffer)
         horse.encode(buffer)
         minekart.encode(buffer)
         vehicle.encode(buffer)
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ class RideSettingsSyncPacket(
                 hover = HoverSettings(),
                 jet = JetSettings(),
                 rocket = RocketSettings(),
+                board = BoardSettings(),
                 horse = HorseSettings(),
                 minekart = MinekartSettings(),
                 vehicle = VehicleSettings(),
@@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ class RideSettingsSyncPacket(
                 hover.decode(buffer)
                 jet.decode(buffer)
                 rocket.decode(buffer)
+                board.decode(buffer)
                 horse.decode(buffer)
                 minekart.decode(buffer)
                 vehicle.decode(buffer)

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/util/adapters/RidingBehaviourSettingsAdapter.kt

@@ -17,12 +17,7 @@ import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.composite.strategies.
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.composite.strategies.FallStrategy
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.composite.strategies.JumpStrategy
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.composite.strategies.RunStrategy
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.HorseBehaviour
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.HorseSettings
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.MinekartBehaviour
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.MinekartSettings
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.VehicleBehaviour
-import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.VehicleSettings
+import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.land.*
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.api.riding.behaviour.types.liquid.*
 import com.cobblemon.mod.common.util.asIdentifierDefaultingNamespace
 import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext
@@ -50,7 +45,9 @@ object RidingBehaviourSettingsAdapter : JsonDeserializer<RidingBehaviourSettings
         MinekartBehaviour.KEY to MinekartSettings::class.java,
         HoverBehaviour.KEY to HoverSettings::class.java,
         RocketBehaviour.KEY to RocketSettings::class.java,
+        BoardBehaviour.KEY to BoardSettings::class.java,
         SubmarineBehaviour.KEY to SubmarineSettings::class.java,
+        ClimbBehaviour.KEY to ClimbSettings::class.java,
         CompositeBehaviour.KEY to CompositeSettings::class.java,
 
         /*

common/src/main/kotlin/com/cobblemon/mod/common/world/structureprocessors/HeightRangeStructureProcessor.kt

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.RandomState
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructurePlaceSettings
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureProcessor
 import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureTemplate
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
 
 class HeightRangeStructureProcessor(
 	val minOffset: Int,
@@ -44,14 +43,7 @@ class HeightRangeStructureProcessor(
 		val referenceY = reference.getY(chunkGenerator, heightAccessor, randomState, pos)
 		val minY = referenceY + minOffset
 		val maxY = referenceY + maxOffset
-		val valid = pos.y in minY..maxY
-
-		LOGGER.info(
-			"[HeightRangeVeto] isValidPlacement pos={} reference={} referenceY={} minY={} maxY={} pos.y={} -> valid={}",
-			pos, reference, referenceY, minY, maxY, pos.y, valid
-		)
-
-		return valid
+		return pos.y in minY..maxY
 	}
 
 	override fun processBlock(
@@ -113,8 +105,6 @@ class HeightRangeStructureProcessor(
 	}
 
 	companion object {
-		private val LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger("Cobblemon/HeightRangeStructureProcessor")
-
 		val CODEC: MapCodec<HeightRangeStructureProcessor> = RecordCodecBuilder.mapCodec { instance ->
 			instance.group(
 				Codec.INT.fieldOf("min_offset").forGetter { it.minOffset },

common/src/main/resources/assets/cobblemon/bedrock/pokemon/models/1000_gholdengo/gholdengo.geo.json

@@ -846,6 +846,14 @@
 					"cubes": [
 						{"origin": [-2, -1, 27], "size": [4, 1, 4], "inflate": -0.01, "uv": [104, 47]}
 					]
+				},
+				{
+					"name": "locator_seat_1",
+					"parent": "surfboard",
+					"pivot": [0, 14.5, 3],
+					"locators": {
+						"seat_1": [19, 1.5, 0]
+					}
 				}
 			]
 		}

common/src/main/resources/data/cobblemon/ride_settings/board.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "infiniteStamina": "false",
+  "canJump": "true",
+  "canSprint": "true",
+  "lookYawLimit": "90.0",
+  "speedExpr": "q.get_ride_stats('SPEED', 'LAND', 1.2, 0.1)",
+  "accelerationExpr": "q.get_ride_stats('ACCELERATION', 'LAND', 0.1, 12.0)",
+  "staminaExpr": "q.get_ride_stats('STAMINA', 'LAND', 120.0, 4.0)",
+  "jumpExpr": "q.get_ride_stats('JUMP', 'LAND', 1.6, 0.2)",
+  "handlingExpr": "q.get_ride_stats('SKILL', 'LAND', 90.0, 30.0)"
+}

common/src/main/resources/data/cobblemon/species/generation2/ariados.json

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
   "riding": {
     "behaviours": {
       "LAND": {
-        "key": "cobblemon:land/horse",
+        "key": "cobblemon:land/climb",
         "rideSounds": [],
         "stats": {
           "ACCELERATION": "55-85",

common/src/main/resources/data/cobblemon/species/generation9/gholdengo.json

@@ -48,6 +48,26 @@
     "height": 2.15,
     "fixed": false
   },
+  "riding": {
+    "behaviours": {
+      "LAND": {
+        "key": "cobblemon:air/board",
+        "rideSounds": [],
+        "stats": {
+          "ACCELERATION": "50-100",
+          "JUMP": "50-100",
+          "SKILL": "50-100",
+          "SPEED": "50-100",
+          "STAMINA": "50-100"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "seats": [
+      {
+        "locator": "seat_1"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
   "behaviour": {
     "resting": {
       "canSleep": true,